Animating a mask path lets you create reveals, transitions, and morphing cutouts that transform over time.
Steps to animate a mask path
Select your layer and press MM (double M) to reveal all mask properties.

Click the stopwatch next to Mask Path to set your first keyframe at the current position.

Move the playhead forward, adjust the mask points with the Selection Tool or Pen Tool, and After Effects automatically adds new keyframes as you move. The mask animates smoothly between those positions.

One more thing
Keep your mask point movements consistent — large jumps between keyframes can look jagged and unnatural. Add more keyframes if you need smoother transitions.
Related how-tos
How to draw masks in After Effects
How to feather a mask in After Effects
How to combine masks with add and subtract in After Effects
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